Editing The CHESSMEN (section)

===Game RULES of NOTE to QUOTE===
* '''Adjournment''': Suspension of a long chess game with the intention to continue later, usually on another day.

* '''Arbiter''': A tournament official who arbitrates disputes and performs other duties such as keeping the score when players are under time pressure.

* '''Battery''': Two or more pieces of the same color supporting each other on the same [[#F|file]], [[#R|rank]] or [[#D|diagonal]].  Only queens, rooks and bishops can be part of a battery.

* '''Blunder''': A very bad move, an oversight (indicated by "[[punctuation (chess)|??]]" in notation).

* '''Book move''': An [[#O|opening]] move found in the standard reference books on opening theory.  A game is said to be "in book" when both players are playing moves found in the opening references.  A game is said to be "out of book" when the players have reached the end of the [[#V|variations]] analyzed in the opening books or if one of the players deviates with a [[#N|novelty]].

* '''Brilliancy''': A spectacular and beautiful game of chess, generally featuring sacrificial attacks and unexpected moves.  Brilliancies are not always required to feature sound play or the best moves by either side.

* '''Castling''': A special move involving the king and one rook. 

* '''En prise''' (from French): A piece that can be captured. Usually used of a piece that is undefended and can be captured.

* '''Family fork''', '''family check''': A knight fork that attacks more than two opposing pieces concomitantly.

* '''File''': A column of the chessboard.  A specific file can be named either using its position in [[algebraic notation]], a&ndash;h, or by using its position in [[descriptive chess notation|descriptive notation]].  For example, the f-file or the king bishop file comprises the squares f1&ndash;f8 or KB1&ndash;KB8.

* '''Fool's mate''': The shortest possible chess game ending in mate: 1. f3 e5 2. g4 Qh4# (or minor variations on this).

* '''Forced move''': A move which is clearly the only one which does not result in immediate catastrophe for the moving player. 

* '''Fork''': When one piece, generally a knight or pawn, simultaneously attacks two (or more) of the opponent's pieces, often specifically called a ''knight fork'' when the attacker is a knight. Some sources state that only a knight can give a fork and that the term ''double attack'' is correct when another piece is involved, but this is by no means a universal usage.

* '''Fortress''': A fortress is a position that, if obtained by the weaker side, will prevent the opposing side from penetration, this generally resulting in a draw (which the weaker side is seeking).

* '''Gambit''': A sacrifice (usually of a pawn) in the [[chess opening|opening]].

* '''Good bishop''': A bishop which has high mobility, typically because the player's pawns are on squares of color opposite to that of the bishop.

* '''Hanging''': Unprotected and exposed to capture. Slang for ''[[#E|en prise]]''.  To "hang a piece" is to lose it by failing to move or protect it.

* '''Insufficient material''': An endgame scenario in which all pawns have been captured, and one side has only its king remaining while the other is down to a king plus one knight or a king plus one bishop.  The position is a draw because it is impossible for the dominant side to force checkmate (in the event of a king plus two knights versus a lone king, checkmate is possible only if the player with  the lone king blunders by moving the king to one of the four corner squares when an alternate move would always be available).

* '''Isolated pawn''': A pawn with no pawn of the same color on an adjacent file.

* '''King-side''': The side of the board where the kings are at the start of the game, as opposed to the ''queen-side''.

* '''Lightning chess''': A form of chess with an extremely small time limit, usually 1 or 2 minutes per player for the entire game.

* '''Long diagonal''': One of the two diagonals with eight squares (a1-h8 or h1-a8).

* '''Passed pawn''': A pawn that has no pawn of the opposite color on its file or on any adjacent files on its way to queening.

* '''Patzer''': A weak chess player.  ([[German language|German]]: ''patzen'', to bungle.)

* '''Queen-side''': The side of the board where the queens are at the start of the game, as opposed to the ''king-side''.

* '''Resign''': To concede loss of the game.  A resignation is often indicated by tipping over one's king.

* '''Sacrifice''': When one player voluntaily gives up material in return for an advantage such as space, development, or an attack.  A sacrifice in the [[#O|opening]] is called a [[#G|gambit]].

* '''Stalemate''': A position in which a player's king is not in check and the player has no legal move. A game is drawn if one of the kings is stalemated.

*'''Tabia''' or '''Tabiya''': (from [[Arabic language|Arabic]])
:#The initial position of the pieces in [[Shatranj]]
:#The final position of a well-known [[chess opening]]
:#(from 2) The opening position from which two players familiar with each others' tastes begin play.

* '''Time pressure''', '''time trouble''': A player having very little time on their [[Game clock|clock]] (especially less than five minutes) to complete their remaining moves.  See [[Time control]].

* '''Triangulation''': A technique used in king and pawn endgames (less commonly seen with other pieces) to lose a ''tempo'' and gain the ''opposition''.

* '''Weak square''': A square that cannot be easily defended from attack by an opponent.  Often a weak square is unable to be defended by pawns (a [[#H|hole]]).  Exchange or loss of a bishop may make all squares of that bishop's color weak resulting in a "weak square complex" on the light squares or the dark squares.

* '''Win/winning position''': a position is said to be a win (or a winning position) if one specified side, with correct play, can eventually force a checkmate against any defence (i.e. perfect defence).


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[[BEYOND FREEDOM]]