The IMPERIALS

The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1855. It is one of the few remaining daily newspapers printed in the Broadsheet format in the United Kingdom, as most other broadsheet publications have converted to the smaller compact/tabloid or Berliner formats. Its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, was founded in 1961. In November 2006, the Telegraph was the highest selling British broadsheet, with a certified average daily circulation of 901,238. This compared with a circulation of 653,780 for The Times, 253,737 for The Independent, and 382,393 for The Guardian.<ref>Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd These figures do not take into account the varying numbers of free copies of each paper given away at hotels, railway stations, and in airplanes.</ref> According to a MORI survey conducted in 2004, 61% of Telegraph readers support the Conservative Party.<ref>MORI poll of 21,727 British adults, July-December 2004 - http://www.mori.com/polls/2004/voting-by-readership.shtml </ref>

List of editors

Editors in recent years have been

• Kingsley Wright
• 1974: W. F. Deedes
• 1986: Sir Max Hastings
• 1995: Charles Moore
• 2003: Martin Newland
• 2005: John Bryant (Editor-in-chief)
• 2006: Will Lewis

Political stance

The Telegraph is traditionally politically Conservative. The combination of personal links between the paper's editorial team and the leadership of the Conservative Party, along with the paper's influence over Conservative activists, results in the paper often being jokingly referred to, especially in Private Eye, as the Torygraph. However, in its early years it was associated with Gladstone and the Liberal party, coining the nickname 'the people's William'.

Founding history

File:New Daily Telegraph Offices Fleet Street ILN 1882.jpg

In 1882 the Daily Telegraph moved to new Fleet Street premises, which were pictured in the Illustrated London News.

The Daily Telegraph was established on June 29, 1855 by Colonel Arthur B. Sleigh. He controlled it only briefly before selling it to his printer, Joseph Moses Levy, father of the 1st Baron Burnham. Levy appointed his sons as editors and relaunched the paper on September 17. His most significant and successful move was reducing the price of the paper to a penny, the first of the penny press. Within twelve months the new paper was outselling The Times.

In 1908, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany gave a controversial interview to The Daily Telegraph which severely damaged Anglo-German relations and added to international tension leading to World War I.

In 1928 the son of the 1st Baron Burnham sold it to the 1st Viscount Camrose, in partnership with his brother Viscount Kemsley and the 1st Baron Iliffe. Both the Camrose (Berry) and Burnham (Levy-Lawson) families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986.

In 1937 the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post which traditionally espoused a conservative position and sold predominantly amongst the retired officer class. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside the Daily Telegraph, but poor sales of the former led him to merge the two. For some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph.

The Sunday Telegraph

The Telegraph's sister Sunday paper was founded in 1961. The conservative writer Sir Peregrine Worsthorne is probably the best known journalist associated with the title (1961-97), eventually being editor for three years from 1986. In 1989 the Sunday title was briefly merged in to a seven-day operation under Max Hastings' overall control.

Editors

Its editors have included:

• Roger Fowler Wright
• J.W.M. Thompson (1976-1986)
• Sir Peregrine Worsthorne (1986-1989)
• Trevor Grove (1989-1992),
• Charles Moore (1992-1995),
• Dominic Lawson (1995-2005),
• Sarah Sands (2005-2006)
• Patience Wheatcroft (2006-present)

Recent history

Template:Unreferencedsect The Daily Telegraph is owned by the Barclay brothers. Until January 2004 the newspaper group was controlled by Canadian businessman, Conrad, Lord Black. Black, through his holding company Ravelston Corporation, owned Hollinger Inc. which in turn owns 30% of Hollinger International and, under a deal struck by Andrew Knight through which Black bought the newspaper group in 1986, owns 78% of the voting rights. Hollinger Inc. also owns the liberal Chicago Sun-Times, the Jerusalem Post, and conservative publications such as The Spectator.

On January 18 2004, Black was sacked as chairman of the Hollinger International board over allegations of financial wrongdoing. Black was also sued by the company. Later that day it was reported that the Barclay brothers had agreed to purchase Hollinger Inc. from Black, giving them the controlling interest in the newspaper group. They then launched a takeover bid for the rest of the group, valuing the company at £200m. However, a suit has been filed by the Hollinger International board with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to try to block Black selling shares in the company until an investigation into his dealings have been completed. Black filed a counter-suit but eventually United States judge Leo Strine sided with the Hollinger International board and blocked Black from selling his Hollinger Inc. shares and interests to the twins. On Sunday March 7, the twins announced they were launching another takeover bid, this time just for the Daily Telegraph and its Sunday sister paper rather than the whole stable. Current owner of the Daily Express, Richard Desmond, was also interested in purchasing the paper, selling his interest in several pornographic magazines to finance the initiative. Desmond withdrew in March 2004 when the price climbed above £600m, as did Daily Mail and General Trust plc on June 17.

Eventually, the Barclay brothers purchased Hollinger, and with it the Telegraph, for around £665m in late June 2004.

Amidst the unraveling of the takeover Sir David Barclay suggested that The Daily Telegraph might in future no longer be the "house newspaper" of the Conservative Party. In an interview with The Guardian he said, "Where the government are right we will support them." The editorial board endorsed the Conservatives in the 2005 general election.

November 15 2004 saw the tenth anniversary of the launch of the Telegraph's website Electronic Telegraph. Now re-launched as telegraph.co.uk, the website was the UK's first national newspaper online. Monday 8th May 2006 saw the first stage of a major redesign of the Telegraph's website, based on a wider page layout and greater prominence for audio, video and journalist blogs.

There has been speculation about the launch of a compact edition of The Daily Telegraph to counter the change in size of The Times to a tabloid.Template:Fact However, the Telegraph has denied these claims and indeed has tried to attract disgruntled Times readers who want to read a more upmarket broadsheet. One of its latest advertising slogans was Impact, Not Compact.

On 10 October 2005, the Daily Telegraph relaunched to incorporate a tabloid sports section and a new standalone business section. The Daily Mail's star columnist and political analyst Simon Heffer left that paper in October 2005 to rejoin the Daily Telegraph, where he has become associate editor. Heffer, known for his combative style and wit, has written two columns a week for the Telegraph since late October 2005.

Just before Christmas 2005, it was announced that the Telegraph titles will be moving from Canada Place in Canary Wharf, to Victoria Plaza, near Victoria Station in central London. [1] The new office features a 'hub and spoke' layout for the newsroom, which will produce content for print and online editions.

Satire

In addition to the 'Daily Torygraph' (see above), Private Eye has also dubbed the Daily Telegraph 'The Daily Hurleygraph' and 'The Daily Tottygraph' for their perceived obssesion with printing pictures of Liz Hurley and other notable attractive women, or as the 'Maily Telegraph' and 'Daily Mailograph' for the Eye's opinion that the newspaper sometimes focuses on issues traditionally seen as the preserve of the less respected tabloids such as the Daily Mail.Template:Fact

Notable mistakes

The Daily Telegraph has erroneously published at least four premature obituaries:

• Cockie Hoogterp, the second wife of Baron Blixen, in 1938 after the Baron's third wife died in an auto accident. Mrs. Hoogterp sent all her bills back marked "Deceased" and survived her premature obituary by over 50 years.[2]
• Dave Swarbrick in 1999, prompting much embarrassing publicity for the newspaper, and Swarbrick's remark "It's not the first time I have died in Coventry."
• Dorothy Southworth Ritter, the widow of Tex Ritter and mother of John Ritter, in August 2001. She eventually died in 2003, two months after her son's death.[3]
• Ballet dancer Katharine Sergava in 2003, which also caused The New York Times to print an erroneous obituary based on The Telegraph's.

The Telegraph is nonetheless noted for the humour and quality of writing of many of its obituaries.Template:Fact

On Wednesday 24 February, 1988, the Daily Telegraph was printed with the wrong date: Thursday 25 February was printed by mistake. This caused complaints from confused readers, but also inspired the first front page cartoon by Matt, who now has a cartoon on the front page of the Telegraph almost every day. The cartoon had the caption: "I hope I have a better Thursday than I did yesterday".

On Saturday 26 August, 2006, content from Claire Zulkey of MediaBistro Toolbox appeared on Melissa Whitworth's blog (MSN cache, original pulled off the site), leading to accusations of plagiarism. Whitworth later claimed that it had been published in error after she had forwarded the piece to her editor.

See also

• Peter Simple, the pseudonym of Michael Wharton, who wrote a humorous column in the paper from 1957 to 2006.
• Auberon Waugh, a previous columnist
• Anthony Loyd, one-time war correspondent
• J. H. B. Peel, columnist
• Mark Steyn, former columnist

Notes and references

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External links

• telegraph.co.uk
• Leaping into the future at the Telegraph's Camelot – from The Guardian
• The Guardian: The plight of Hollinger
• BBC: Telegraph empire in tycoons' grip – 18 Jan 2004
• 'Daily Telegraph "will not be the house organ of the Conservatives"' – from BBC News Online
• The continuing takeover saga – from BBC News 7 March 2004

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